SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Foreign body aspiration is one of the childhood emergencies that thoracic surgeons are interested in, and it can cause morbidity and mortality. Although the relationship between various behavioral problems related to children and foreign body aspiration has been investigated so far, there is no study investigating the relationship between maternal temperament and anxiety sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal emotional temperament, anxiety sensitivity, and foreign body aspiration. METHODS: Mothers of 18 children with foreign body aspiration have been evaluated by a thoracic surgeon, and 18 healthy controls have also been included in the study. Maternal emotional temperament has been measured with the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego – Auto questionnaire scale, and anxiety sensitivity has been measured with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. RESULTS: There has been no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of maternal emotional temperament and anxiety sensitivity. In the logistic regression analysis conducted to determine the predictors of foreign body aspiration, it is determined that the mother’s anxious temperament has predicted foreign body aspiration significantly. CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, it can be concluded that mothers’ anxious temperament can be considered a risk factor for foreign body aspiration because it affects parenting skills and children’s ability to manage behavioral problems. Consistent results could be able to be obtained with studies including larger samples on the subject.

Abstract Objective The use of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-containing medium, which is a commercial medium that is used for cultivation of embryos in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, has been suggested to increase the efficiency of this procedure in patients with previous multiple unsuccessful attempts. In this retrospective study, we analyzed GM-CSF-containing embryo culture media compared with traditional culture media in terms of development of embryos, pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy success and live birth rates. Methods This is a prospective case control study conducted in a single center. A total of 131 unexplained infertility patients were included in the study. A cohort of 69 patients whose embryos were cultured in GM-CSF-containing medium and a control group of 62 age-matched patients whose embryos were cultured in conventional Sage One Step medium were included in the study. The major study outcomes were achievement of pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rate at 12 weeks of gestation. Results The pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates of the patients whose embryos were cultured in GM-CSF-containing medium were 39.13% and 36.23%, respectively. These were higher than the rates of the control group, which were 30.65% and 29.03%, respectively, although this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, the 5th-day embryo transfer percentage in the GM-CSF group was higher than in the control group (34.78% versus 27.4%). Conclusion The main findings of our study were that there was no difference between the GM-CSF-enhanced medium and the control group in terms of our major study outcomes. However, blastomere inequality rate and embryo fragmentation rates were lower in the GM-CSF group.

RESUMO Introdução Comparamos as propriedades mecânicas de duas técnicas de fixação para o tratamento de fraturas extra-articulares do terço distal do úmero. Materiais e Métodos Dois grupos foram criados a partir de vinte e quatro úmeros. O Grupo 1 foi instrumentado com uma nova placa de compressão com travamento (LCP) pré-contornada e com oito orifícios (3,5 mm de diâmetro) posicionados anterolateralmente. O Grupo 2 foi instrumentado com uma placa LCP pré-contornada posterolateral com oito orifícios (3,5 mm de diâmetro) colocada na parte distal do úmero. Testes de flexão e testes de torção a quatro pontos foram realizados até que os corpos de prova quebrassem. Resultados O teste de rigidez à flexão de quatro pontos mostrou que a rigidez dos úmeros fixados anterolateralmente foi significativamente maior do que os úmeros fixados posterolateralmente (p <0,05). O teste de torção revelou que a fixação posterolateral foi associada a melhor força de rendimento (p <0,05), mas a rigidez à torção não diferiu significativamente entre as duas placas (p > 0,05). Conclusões A placa anterolateral apresentou maior rigidez à flexão e resistência à tração do que a placa posterolateral. A fixação anterolateral da placa pode, portanto, ser usada para tratar fraturas extra-articulares da parte distal do úmero. Os parafusos de travamento multiaxiais garantem uma fixação rígida, permitem o movimento precoce do cotovelo sem causar impacto à fossa do olécrano e previnem lesão iatrogênica do músculo tríceps. Nível de evidência I, Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction We compared the mechanical properties of two fixation techniques for the treatment of extra-articular distal third humeral fractures. Materials and Methods Two groups were created from twenty-four humeri. Group 1 was instrumented using a new, precontoured, 8-hole (3.5-mm-diameter) locking compression plate (LCP) placed anterolaterally. Group 2 was instrumented using an 8-hole (3.5-mm-diameter) precontoured posterolateral LCP plate placed on the distal humerus. Four-point bending tests and torsion tests were performed until the specimens broke. Results The four-point bending stiffness test showed that the stiffness of anterolaterally fixed humeri was significantly higher than that of posterolaterally fixed humeri (p<0.05). Torsion testing revealed that posterolateral fixation was associated with better yield strength (p<0.05), but the torsional stiffness did not differ significantly between the two plates (p> 0.05). Conclusions The anterolateral plate exhibited higher bending stiffness and torsional yield strength than the posterolateral plate. Anterolateral plate fixation can thus be used to manage extra-articular distal humeral fractures. Multiaxial locking screws ensure rigid fixation, allow early elbow motion without olecranon fossa impingement, and prevent iatrogenic injury of the triceps muscle. Level of Evidence I, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment.

RESUMO Introdução: Além de métodos mais conservadores de terapia, utilizam-se, como opções cirúrgicas para o tratamento das lesões do tendão do calcâneo, técnicas abertas, percutâneas e semiabertas minimamente invasivas, bem como métodos cirúrgicos de reparo aberto. A elastografia por compressão é um dos métodos utilizados para o acompanhamento do tratamento das lesões do tendão do calcâneo. Métodos: Entre julho de 2013 e junho de 2014, 23 pacientes com pelo menos 4 anos de seguimento foram incluídos em nosso estudo. No controle final, o lado intacto e o lado operado foram examinados e comparados. As variáveis foram o American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score, que foi medido como pontuação funcional por meio da flexão plantar e dorsiflexão; a circunferência da panturrilha; o diâmetro anteroposterior (AP) do tendão do calcâneo; e exame elastográfico. Resultados: O índice de tensão e o diâmetro AP dos pacientes foram significativamente maiores no lado operado do paciente que no lado não operado. Não houve diferença significativa entre os graus de flexão plantar e dorsiflexão dos pacientes no lado operado (p> 0,05). Não foi observada correlação entre strain ratio e AOFAS(p: 0,995). Conclusão: Acreditamos que a elastografia não seja uma técnica útil para avaliar os resultados funcionais na cicatrização do tendão em longo prazo. Nível de evidência III; Estudo comparativo retrospectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In addition to conservative modalities in the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries, open, percutaneous and minimally invasive semi-open techniques, as well as biological open surgical repair methods are used as surgical options. Compression elastography is one of the methods used for the follow-up of treatment in Achilles tendon injuries. Methods: 23 patients were included in our study between July 2013 and June 2014, as long as they had at least 4 years of follow-up. In the final control, the intact side and the operated side were both examined and compared. The variables were the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) which is measured as a functional score considering plantar flexion and dorsiflexion; calf circumference; Achilles tendon anteroposterior (AP) diameter; and elastographic examination. Results: The strain ratio value and AP diameter of the patients was significantly higher on the operated side than on the non-operated side (p <0.001). There was no significant difference between the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion degrees on the operated side of the patients(p> 0.05). No correlation was observed between strain ratio and AOFAS (p: 0,995). Conclusion: Elastography is not a useful technique to evaluate functional results on long-term tendon healing. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.

Abstract: The study aims to analyze the effects of indoor activities such as physical exercise, digital socializing, and digital gaming on the subjective wellbeing levels of individuals. Given the dynamic nature of the pandemic, to catch the day-level within individual variance (along with between individuals variance), the study adopts a multilevel approach where days are nested in people. 1950 day-level data are collected from 390 respondents for five consecutive days during the first phase of the pandemic (when there were strict social isolation policies) in Turkey. Results for partitioning variance components supported the necessity of using a multilevel approach. Findings of analysis conducted through hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that day-level physical activity at home and digital socializing significantly alleviate daily negative affect and positively associate with day-level positive affect and happiness levels of respondents. These results were controlled for demographic variables, extraversion, and psychological resiliency. Extraversion was negatively, and psychological resiliency was positively related to day-level negative affect.

Resumen: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de las actividades en interiores tales como el ejercicio físico, la socialización digital y los juegos digitales, en los niveles de bienestar subjetivo de las personas. Dada la naturaleza dinámica de la pandemia para capturar el nivel diario dentro de la varianza individual, el estudio adapta un enfoque multinivel donde los días se anidan en personas. Se recopilan 1950 datos diarios a partir de 390 encuestados durante 5 días consecutivos durante la primera fase de la pandemia (cuando había políticas estrictas de aislamiento social) en Turquía. Los resultados de la partición de los componentes de la varianza respaldaron la necesidad de utilizar un enfoque multinivel. Los resultados del análisis realizado a través de modelos lineales jerárquicos demostraron que la actividad física a nivel diurno en el hogar y la socialización digital alivian significativamente el afecto negativo diario y se asocia positivamente con el nivel diario de afecto positivo y los niveles de felicidad de los encuestados. Estos resultados fueron controlados por variables demográficas, extraversión y resiliencia psicológica. La extraversión fue negativa y la resiliencia psicológica se relacionó positivamente con el nivel diario de afecto negativo.